The Association of Levels of Mindfulness on the Cognitive Performance of Community-Dwelling, Low-Educated Older Adults From a Middle-Income Country.

Limited information exists on the potential link between levels of mindfulness and cognitive performance in seniors with low education. This cross-sectional study aims to explore the association between mindfulness levels and cognitive performance in older adults with different years of education. Participants were grouped by education levels and assessed for cognitive performance (ACE-R; Digit Span test), levels of mindfulness (Langer Mindfulness Scale-21), and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-15). Group comparisons, correlations, and linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted (p < .05). Cognitive performance, mindfulness levels, and depressive symptoms differed between groups, and correlations were found between mindfulness levels, ACE-R, and Digit Span scores. After controlling for education, the association between mindfulness levels and ACE-R performance remained significant. Logistic regression revealed that higher education and mindfulness levels increased the likelihood of scoring above the ACE-R cut-off. This study underscores the association between levels of mindfulness and cognitive performance in older adults.

Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso: an epidemiological study. / Síndrome de la Fragilidad y sarcopenia en ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del municipio de Sinop, Mato Grosso: un estudio epidemiológico.

OBJECTIVE: to relate Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify potential risk factors for frailty and sarcopenia. METHOD: this descriptive epidemiological study was conducted with 140 older adults in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The frailty phenotype was used for the assessment of Frailty Syndrome, and a physical assessment questionnaire with calf circumference measurement was used for the assessment of sarcopenia. RESULTS: regarding Frailty Syndrome, a higher percentage was observed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to those without the disease (p = 0.00). Concerning the presence of sarcopenia, older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus showed similar values, with no statistical significance (p = .74). Frailty Syndrome was associated with physical inactivity (95%CI: 3.29-56.55), age over 75 years (95%CI: 3.30- 27.82), low family income (95%CI: 1.80-50.98), and comorbidities (95%CI: 4.90-5.40). However, sarcopenia was associated with the presence of physical inactivity (95%CI: 1.26-10.44), low weight/ eutrophic (95%CI: 3.32-26.76), and malnutrition/nutritional risk (95%CI: 1.30-7.70) for older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: older adults with diabetes have a higher vulnerability to develop Frailty Syndrome, necessitating the adoption of preventive measures in primary healthcare.

Síndrome de la Fragilidad y sarcopenia en ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del municipio de Sinop, Mato Grosso: un estudio epidemiológico / Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso: an epidemiological study / Síndrome da Fragilidade e sarcopenia em idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2 do município de Sinop, Mato Grosso: um estudo epidemiológico

Objetivo: relacionar el Síndrome de la Fragilidad y la sarcopenia en ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2; e identificar los potenciales factores de riesgo para la fragilidad y sarcopenia. Método: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo realizado en 140 ancianos del municipio de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para evaluar el Síndrome de la Fragilidad se utilizó el fenotipo de fragilidad y para la evaluación de la sarcopenia el cuestionario de evaluación física con medida de la circunferencia de la pantorrilla. Resultados: en lo que se refiere al Síndrome de la Fragilidad se obtuvo un mayor porcentaje para ancianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cuando comparados con aquellos sin la enfermedad (p = 0,00). En relación a la presencia de sarcopenia, los ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 presentaron valores semejantes, sin significación estadística (p = 0,74). El Síndrome de la Fragilidad presentó asociación con: inactividad física (IC95%: 3,29-56,55); intervalo etario superior a 75 años (IC95%: 3,30-27,82); baja renta familiar (IC95%: 1,80-50,98); y, comorbilidades (IC95%: 4,9-5,4). Entre tanto, la sarcopenia fue asociada a la presencia de la inactividad física (IC95%: 1,26-10,44), al bajo peso/eutrófico (IC95%: 3,32- 26,76) y a la desnutrición/riesgo nutricional (IC95%: 1,30-7,70), en los ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Conclusión: los ancianos diabéticos tienen mayor vulnerabilidad para desarrollar el Síndrome de Fragilidad, lo que requiere la adopción de medidas preventivas en la atención primaria a la salud.

Objective: to relate Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify potential risk factors for frailty and sarcopenia. Method: this descriptive epidemiological study was conducted with 140 older adults in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The frailty phenotype was used for the assessment of Frailty Syndrome, and a physical assessment questionnaire with calf circumference measurement was used for the assessment of sarcopenia. Results: regarding Frailty Syndrome, a higher percentage was observed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to those without the disease (p = 0.00). Concerning the presence of sarcopenia, older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus showed similar values, with no statistical significance (p = .74). Frailty Syndrome was associated with physical inactivity (95%CI: 3.29-56.55), age over 75 years (95%CI: 3.30- 27.82), low family income (95%CI: 1.80-50.98), and comorbidities (95%CI: 4.90-5.40). However, sarcopenia was associated with the presence of physical inactivity (95%CI: 1.26-10.44), low weight/ eutrophic (95%CI: 3.32-26.76), and malnutrition/nutritional risk (95%CI: 1.30-7.70) for older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: older adults with diabetes have a higher vulnerability to develop Frailty Syndrome, necessitating the adoption of preventive measures in primary healthcare.

Objetivo: relacionar a Síndrome da Fragilidade e a sarcopenia em idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2; e identificar os potenciais fatores de risco para fragilidade e sarcopenia. Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivo realizado com 140 idosos do município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para a avaliação da Síndrome da Fragilidade, utilizou-se o fenótipo de fragilidade, e, para a avaliação da sarcopenia, o questionário de avaliação física com medida de circunferência da panturrilha. Resultados: quanto à Síndrome da Fragilidade, obteve-se maior percentual para idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 quando comparado àqueles sem a doença (p = 0,00). Em relação à presença de sarcopenia, os idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2 apresentaram valores semelhantes, sem significância estatística (p = 0,74). Síndrome da Fragilidade apresentou associação com inatividade física (IC95%: 3,29-56,55), faixa etária superior a 75 anos (IC95%: 3,30-27,82), baixa renda familiar (IC95%: 1,80-50,98) e comorbidades (IC95%: 4,9-5,4). Entretanto, a sarcopenia foi associada à presença da inatividade física (IC95%: 1,26-10,44), baixo peso/eutrófico (IC95%: 3,32-26,76) e desnutrição/risco nutricional (IC95%: 1,30-7,70) para os idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Conclusão: os idosos diabéticos têm maior vulnerabilidade para desenvolver a Síndrome de Fragilidade, requerendo a adoção de medidas preventivas na atenção primária à saúde.

Instrumentos utilizados na avaliação da capacidade funcional, fragilidade e sarcopenia em idosos: revisão integrativa / Instruments used in the assessment of functional capacity, frailty and sarcopenia in the elderly: integrative review / Instrumentos utilizados en la evaluación de la capacidad funcional, la frágilidad y la sarcopenia en adultos mayores: revisión integradora

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento produzido na literatura científica sobre os instrumentos utilizados na avaliação da capacidade funcional, fragilidade e sarcopenia do idoso. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, nas bases de dados Cinahl, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science e Scopus, de 2012-2021. Foram extraídos os dados: autores, ano, país de publicação, tipo de estudo, características da amostra, objetivo, resultados e os instrumentos. Ademais, foi realizada a avaliação da qualidade metodológica e nível de evidência. Resultados: a amostra final incluiu 13 artigos. Os instrumentos mais utilizados foram: Índice de Lawton e Brody para avaliação da capacidade funcional; modelo conceitual do fenótipo para fragilidade; e a conceituação e diagnóstico do Grupo de Trabalho Europeu da Sarcopenia. Conclusão: as evidências científicas demonstraram a importância da utilização de instrumentos para o rastreio destas condições que podem interferir na saúde da população idosa, reforçando a necessidade do fortalecimento de práticas de cuidados interprofissionais.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the knowledge produced in the scientific literature on the instruments used to assess functional capacity, frailty, and sarcopenia in older adults. Method: integrative literature review, in the Cinahl, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases, from 2012-2021. Data were extracted: authors, year, country of publication, type of study, sample characteristics, objective, results, and instruments. In addition, the methodological quality and level of evidence were assessed. Results: The final sample included 13 articles. The most used instruments were Lawton and Brody Index for functional capacity assessment; conceptual model of the frailty phenotype; and the conceptualization and diagnosis of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia. Conclusion: The scientific evidence demonstrated the importance of using instruments to screen for these conditions that can interfere with the health of the elderly population, reinforcing the need to strengthen interprofessional care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento producido en la literatura científica sobre los instrumentos utilizados en la evaluación de la capacidad funcional, fragilidad y sarcopenia de las personas mayores. Método: revisión bibliográfica integradora, en las bases de datos Cinahl, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science y Scopus, entre 2012 y 2021. Se extrajeron datos: autores, año, país de publicación, tipo de estudio, características de la muestra, objetivo, resultados e instrumentos. Además, se evaluó la calidad metodológica y el nivel de evidencia. Resultados: La muestra final incluyó 13 artículos. Los instrumentos más utilizados fueron: el índice de Lawton y Brody para evaluar la capacidad funcional; el modelo conceptual del fenotipo de fragilidad; y la conceptualización y diagnóstico del Grupo de Trabajo Europeo sobre Sarcopenia. Conclusión: La evidencia científica demostró la importancia del uso de herramientas para la detección de estas condiciones que pueden interferir con la salud de la población anciana, reforzando la necesidad de fortalecer las prácticas de atención interprofesional.

Resiliência em pessoas idosas diante da pandemia COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Resiliencia en personas mayores ante la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión integradora / Resilience in older adults in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o conhecimento produzido na literatura científica sobre a resiliência de pessoas idosas diante da pandemia COVID-19. Método Revisão integrativa da literatura com estudos primários publicados na íntegra, em Portugues, Ingles e/ou Espanhol, entre 2020 e 2022 nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science e PsycINFO-APA. Os artigos foram exportados para o sistema Rayyan, os estudos selecionados foram lidos e inseridos em um instrumento cujos dados extraídos foram: autores, ano, objetivo,tipo de estudo, amostra, média da idade, resiliência, principais resultados e conclusão. Na avaliação crítica para determinar a qualidade metodológica e nível de evidência, para estudos qualitativos utilizou-se o Guidelines for Critical Review Form: Qualitative Studies , para quantitativos o Guideline Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies e estudos mistos o Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool . Resultados Correspondem à análise final dos nove artigos publicados. Sobre às estratégias de enfrentamento, destacam-se atividades físicas, sendo estas, caminhadas, Tai-chi , corridas, exercícios de resistência e ciclismo; o uso da tecnologia de comunicação, como jogos, site de videos, teleconferencias, assistir TV e o uso de aplicativos de comunicação e as atividades de lazer, como a leitura, tocar instrumentos musicais, meditação, a arte de costura, jardinagem e pintura e estilo de vida, mantendo-se ocupado, busca de apoio social, se alimentar saudável e a manutenção de rotinas domésticas. Conclusão As pessoas idosas foram relativamente resilientes durante essa pandemia. A resiliência foi fator importante para a manutenção do bem-estar e qualidade de vida dessa população, com destaque para a prática de atividade física e o uso de tecnologias.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el conocimiento producido en la literatura científica sobre la resiliencia de personas mayores ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura con estudios primarios publicados en su totalidad, en portugués, inglés o español, entre 2020 y 2022, en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science y PsycINFO-APA. Se exportaron los artículos al sistema Rayyan, se leyeron los estudios seleccionados y se ingresaron en un instrumento cuyos datos extraídos fueron: autores, año, objetivo, tipo de estudio, muestra, promedio de edad, resiliencia, resultados principales y conclusión. En la evaluación crítica para determinar la calidad metodológica y nivel de evidencia, se utilizó, para estudios cualitativos, el instrumento Guidelines for Critical Review Form: Qualitative Studies , para cuantitativos, el Guideline Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies y para estudios mixtos, el Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool . Resultados Nueve artículos publicados conformaron el análisis final. Sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento, se destacan las actividades físicas, como caminatas, Tai-chi , correr, ejercicios de resistencia y ciclismo; el uso de la tecnología de la comunicación, como juegos, páginas de videos, teleconferencias, mirar televisión y el uso de aplicaciones de comunicación y actividades recreativas, como lectura, tocar instrumentos musicales, meditación, arte de costura, jardinería y pintura y estilo de vida, mantenerse ocupado, buscar apoyo social, alimentarse de forma saludable y mantener rutinas domésticas. Conclusión Las personas mayores fueron relativamente resilientes durante la pandemia. La resiliencia fue un factor importante para mantener el bienestar y la calidad de vida de esta población, con énfasis en la práctica de actividad física y el uso de tecnologías.Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VSBHP

Abstract Objective To analyze the knowledge produced in the scientific literature about older adults' resilience in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This is an integrative literature review with primary studies published in full, in Portuguese, English and/or Spanish, between 2020 and 2022, in PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science and PsycINFO-APA databases. The articles were exported to the Rayyan system. The selected studies were read and entered into an instrument whose extracted data were authors, year, objective, study design, sample, mean age, resilience, main results and conclusion. In the critical assessment to determine the methodological quality and level of evidence, for qualitative studies, the Guidelines for Critical Review Form: Qualitative Studies were used, for quantitative studies, the Guideline Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies, and mixed studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results Correspond to the final analysis of the nine published articles. Regarding coping strategies, physical activities stand out, such as walking, Tai-chi, running, resistance exercises and cycling; communication technology use, such as games, video sites, teleconferences, watching TV and communication application use and leisure activities, such as reading, playing musical instruments, meditation, the art of sewing, gardening and painting and lifestyle, keeping busy, seeking social support, eating healthy, and maintaining household routines. Conclusion Older adults were relatively resilient during this pandemic. Resilience was an important factor for maintaining the well-being and quality of life of this population, with emphasis on physical activity and technology use.Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VSBHP

Predicción de caídas y caídas recurrentes en adultos mayores que viven en el domicilio / Prediction of falls and recurrent falls in older adults living at home

Objetivos: Determinar la predicción de las caídas y caídasrecurrentes asociadas a factores de riesgo en el adulto mayor quevive en el domicilio. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo y transversalrealizado en La Libertad, Perú. La muestra fue de 1.110 adultosmayores que viven en el domicilio y se utilizó instrumentos como perfilsocial, enfermedades y medicamentos autorreferidos, caídas, estadocognitivo, síntomas depresivos, actividad básica e instrumental de lavida diaria, y equilibrio estático y dinámico. Se analizó con estadísticadescriptiva, curvas ROC y el área bajo la curva para evaluar los valorespredictivos y la regresión logística. Resultados: La mayoría era mujer,de entre 60 y 79 años, con compañero, viven acompañados y trabajan.La prevalencia de caídas fue del 30,5% y de caídas recurrentes del14%. Hubo predominio de aquellos sin déficit cognitivo, necesitabanayuda para las actividades instrumentales e independientes para lasbásicas, sin síntomas depresivos y con equilibrio estático y dinámicopreservado. En la regresión hubo relación entre caídas con ser mujer,vivir solo, número de enfermedades y medicamentos y dependenciapara las actividades básicas. Para caídas recurrentes hubo asociacióncon vivir solo, uso de medicamentos y dependencia para las actividadesinstrumentales. Conclusiones: La caída está asociada a diferentesfactores y su identificación precoz es importante para la creación deplanes de cuidados por el equipo multiprofesional evitando problemasfísicos y psicológicos en el adulto mayor. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prediction of falls and recurrentfalls associated with risk factors in the elderly living at home.Methodology: Quantitative and cross-sectional study carried out inLa Libertad, Peru. The sample consisted of 1,110 older adults livingat home and instruments such as social profile, self-reported illnessesand medications, falls, cognitive status, depressive symptoms, basicand instrumental activity of daily life, static and dynamic balance wereused. It was analyzed with descriptive statistics, ROC curves and areaunder the curve to evaluate predictive values and logistic regression.Results: The majority were women, between 60 and 79 years old,with a partner, living with someone and working. The prevalence offalls was 30.5% and recurrent falls 14%. There was a predominanceof those without cognitive deficit, they need help for instrumentaland independent activities for the basic ones, without depressivesymptoms and with preserved static and dynamic balance. In theregression, there was a relationship between falls with being a woman,living alone, number of illnesses and medications, and dependencefor basic activities. For recurrent falls, there was an association withliving alone, use of medications, and dependence for instrumentalactivities. Conclusions: the fall is associated with different factors andits early identification is important for the creation of care plans by themultiprofessional team, avoiding physical and psychological problemsin the elderly. (AU)

Socio-cognitive mindfulness predicts memory complaint and cognitive performance of older adults with different years of education.

BACKGROUND: Even though the effect of education on cognitive performance has been widely reported, the relationship between socio-cognitive mindfulness, cognitive performance, and memory complaint among the elderly with heterogeneous educational levels has not yet been investigated. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the potential relationship between cognitive performance, memory complaint, and socio-cognitive mindfulness in a sample of healthy older adults with different years of education. METHODS: In this quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study, participants (n = 68) were assessed with a sociodemographic questionnaire, cognitive performance test (ACE-III), levels of socio-cognitive mindfulness (LSM-21), and memory complaint (Memory Complaint Scale). Descriptive statistics, as well as Pearson's correlation, and linear regression analysis were performed, and significance was assumed if p < .05. RESULTS: Years of education correlated with cognitive performance and socio-cognitive mindfulness, but not with memory complaint. Socio-cognitive mindfulness had a positive correlation with cognitive performance and a negative correlation with memory complaint. Also, socio-cognitive mindfulness predicted cognitive performance and memory complaint both in bivariate analysis and when controlling for years of education. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that older adults with higher levels of socio-cognitive mindfulness showed better cognitive performance and less memory complaint.

Impact of digital social media on the perception of loneliness and social isolation in older adults. / Impacto de mídias sociais digitais na percepção de solidão e no isolamento social em idosos.

OBJECTIVE: to synthesize knowledge about the use of social media and the perception of loneliness and/or social isolation in older adults. METHOD: integrative literature review with primary studies published in full, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, between September 2014 and July 2020 in the databases: American Psychological Association Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases, Web of Science and PubMed. RESULTS: 11 articles were included, categorized based on the types of technologies: "the use of the Internet", encompassing social networking sites, the internet and applications; "communication devices", with the use of smartphones, tablets and iPads and "types of communication" covering the use of interpersonal means of communication in the digital age, such as video calls and emails. There were positive results (63.6%) regarding the use of social media to minimize the perception of loneliness and/or social isolation in the older adults. CONCLUSION: the scientific evidence shows that the use of digital social media can reduce the perception of loneliness and/or isolation in older adults. Furthermore, the internet can favor greater contact between the older adults and family members and can serve as a source of support, provide a greater sense of belonging in the community and reduce loneliness.

Indices de vulnerabilidad social y programática de las personas mayores que viven en el hogar / Indices of social and programmatic vulnerability for older adults living at home

Objetivos: Construir los índices de vulnerabilidad social y vulnerabilidad de programas para personasmayores que viven en el hogar y verificar la asociación entre los componentes de vulnerabilidad(individual, social y programática).Métodos: Este es un estudio basado en la población del tipo de encuesta de hogares y transversalrealizada con 701 miembros de la comunidad de ancianos. Se realizaron análisis exploratorios,descriptivos y bivariados (p≤ 0.05) y componentes principales.Resultados: A través de los índices, se descubrió que los sectores censales periféricos mostrabanniveles muy altos de vulnerabilidad social y que las principales variables representativas delcomponente programático eran: acceso al dentista por SUS, medicamentos y demanda desde elmismo lugar de servicio. Se encontró que solo el 3.9% de los ancianos no tenían ninguna condición devulnerabilidad (individual, social y programática).Conclusión: Los ancianos están expuestos a múltiples condiciones de vulnerabilidad; Los índices devulnerabilidad social y programática son herramientas importantes para la toma de decisiones por partede los gerentes (AU)

Objectives: Build Social and Programmatic Vulnerability indices for older people living at home andverify the association of vulnerability components (individual, social and programmatic).Methods: It is a population based study, household and transversal survey type, conducted with 701community older adults. Descriptive and bivariate exploratory spatial analysis was conducted (p≤ 0.05)as well as analysis of Main Components.Results: By means of the indices, it was observed that peripheral census tracts presented very highsocial vulnerability levels and that the main variables representative of the programmatic component –access to dentist via SUS, medications, and search of the same care location. It was verified that only3.9% of the older adults did not present some level of vulnerability (individual, social and programmatic).Conclusion: Older adults are exposed to multiple vulnerability conditions, and Social andProgrammatic Vulnerability indices are important tools for managers’ decision making (AU)

Impacto de mídias sociais digitais na percepção de solidão e no isolamento social em idosos / Impact of digital social media on the perception of loneliness and social isolation in older adults / Impacto de los medios de comunicación social digitales en la percepción de soledad y aislamiento social en las personas mayores

Resumo Objetivo: sintetizar o conhecimento disponível sobre o impacto de mídias sociais na percepção de solidão e/ou no isolamento social em idosos. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura com estudos primários publicados na íntegra, em português, inglês e espanhol, entre setembro de 2014 e julho de 2020 nas bases de dados American Psychological Association Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências de Saúde, Web of Science e PubMed. Resultados: foram incluídos 11 artigos categorizados com base nos tipos de tecnologias: "o uso da internet", englobando sites de redes sociais, internet e aplicativos; "dispositivos de comunicação", com uso de smartphones, tablets e iPads; e "tipos de comunicação", incluindo meios de comunicação interpessoal na era digital, como videochamadas e e-mails. Houve resultados positivos (63,6%) sobre o uso de mídias sociais para minimizar a percepção de solidão e/ou o isolamento social dos idosos. Conclusão: as evidências científicas demonstraram que o uso de mídias sociais digitais pode reduzir a percepção de solidão e/ou o isolamento em idosos. Ademais, a internet pode favorecer maior contato entre idosos e famílias, servir como fonte de apoio e contribuir para maior senso de pertencimento em uma comunidade e redução da solidão.

Abstract Objective: to synthesize knowledge about the use of social media and the perception of loneliness and/or social isolation in older adults. Method: integrative literature review with primary studies published in full, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, between September 2014 and July 2020 in the databases: American Psychological Association Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases, Web of Science and PubMed. Results: 11 articles were included, categorized based on the types of technologies: "the use of the Internet", encompassing social networking sites, the internet and applications; "communication devices", with the use of smartphones, tablets and iPads and "types of communication" covering the use of interpersonal means of communication in the digital age, such as video calls and emails. There were positive results (63.6%) regarding the use of social media to minimize the perception of loneliness and/or social isolation in the older adults. Conclusion: the scientific evidence shows that the use of digital social media can reduce the perception of loneliness and/or isolation in older adults. Furthermore, the internet can favor greater contact between the older adults and family members and can serve as a source of support, provide a greater sense of belonging in the community and reduce loneliness.

Resumen Objetivo: sintetizar el conocimiento sobre el uso de medios de comunicación social en la percepción de la soledad y/o aislamiento social en personas mayores. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, con estudios primarios publicados integralmente, en portugués e inglés, entre septiembre de 2014 y julio de 2020, en las bases de datos: American Psychological Association Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Web of Science y PubMed. Resultados: fueron incluidos 11 artículos categorizados con base en los tipos de tecnologías: "el uso de la Internet", englobando las páginas electrónica de redes sociales, Internet y aplicativos; "dispositivos de comunicación", con uso de smartphones, tablets e iPads; y, "tipos de comunicación" con uso de medios de comunicación interpersonal en la era digital, tales como, videollamadas y e-mails. Hubo resultados positivos (63,6%) sobre el uso de medios de comunicación social para minimizar la percepción de la soledad y/o el aislamiento social de las personas mayores. Conclusión: las evidencias científicas demostraron que el uso de medios de comunicación social digitales puede reducir la percepción de soledad y/o aislamiento en personas mayores. La Internet puede favorecer un mayor contacto entre personas mayores y sus familias, servir como fuente de apoyo, dar mayor sentido de pertenecer a una comunidad y reducir la soledad.

Fatores associados ao uso de tecnologias assistivas em idosos em ambiente domiciliar / Factors associated with the use of assistive technologies in elders in their home environments

RESUMO Objetivo identificar fatores associados ao uso de tecnologias assistivas em idosos em ambiente domiciliar. Métodos estudo transversal, analítico e exploratório, com 127 idosos capazes de responder aos instrumentos de coleta de dados. Para as análises foram utilizados os testes: t de Student, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear. Resultados no que se refere ao tipo de dispositivos assistivos, 52,8% dos entrevistados utilizavam órteses ou próteses, 48,8% cadeira de banho e 47,2% cadeira de rodas. Na análise de comparação das médias, identificou-se significância estatística entre as atividades básicas da vida diária e o estado cognitivo. Nas atividades básicas de vida diária (r=0,52) à medida em que a pontuação do idoso no Índice de Katz aumenta, há aumento do uso de dispositivos assistivos. De maneira contrária, conforme a Escala de Lawton e Brody (r=-0,279) aumenta, o número de dispositivos diminui. Conclusão a prevalência do uso de dispositivos assistivos por idosos no domicílio foi alta e apresentou associação com a capacidade funcional e a realização das atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária. Contribuições para a prática: a pesquisa contribui para a organização na assistência ao idoso pelo profissional de enfermagem, incentivando a independência e a autonomia do idoso.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify the factors associated with the use of assistive technologies by elders in their home environment. Methods cross-sectional, analytical, and exploratory study with 127 elders capable of answering the data collection instruments. Analyses were carried out using Student's t, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results in regard to the type of assistive device used, 52.8% of interviewees used orthoses or prostheses, 48.8% used shower chairs, and 47.2% used wheelchairs. In the comparative analysis of the means, there was a statistically significant association between basic daily life activities and cognitive state. In basic daily life activities (r=0.52), as the score of the elderly in Katz's Index increases, the use of assistive devices also increases. In turn, as the Lawton and Brody Scale (r=-0.279) increases, the number of devices decreases. Conclusion the prevalence of elders who use assistive devices in their homes was high, showing a direct association with their functional capacity and their performance of basic and instrumental daily life activities. Contributions to practice: this research contributes for the organization of elderly assistance by nursing workers, encouraging elder independence and autonomy.

Frailty and sociodemographic and health factors, and social support network in the brazilian elderly: A longitudinal study / Fragilidad y factores sociodemográficos, de salud y red de apoyo social en adultos mayores brasileños: estudio longitudinal / Fragilidade e fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e rede de apoio social em idosos brasileiros: estudo longitudinal

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the sociodemographic and health factors and the social support network of the elderly associated with frailty in the assessments carried out between 2007/2008 and 2018. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with elderly people aged ≥65 years living in the community. The instruments used were those for Demographic Profile, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Minimum Relationship Map for the Elderly, and Edmonton Frail Scale. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were used, all tests with p < 0.05. Results: Of the 189 elderly in the study period (2007/2008-2018), most were 80 years old and over, with an average of 82.31 years old; they were women, with no partner, who lived with other family members and were retired. In the final analysis, regardless of age and sex, a decrease in functional independence, an increase in depressive symptoms, an increase in the number of self-reported illnesses, and an increase in the frailty score were observed. Conclusion: The factors that were associated with the increase in frailty of the elderly during the study period were age, female sex, and no partner. The health team, which includes nurses, shall be aware of changes and develop care plans to prevent or avoid their progression.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar los factores sociodemográficos, de salud y red de apoyo social del adulto mayor asociado a la fragilidad en las evaluaciones realizadas entre 2007/2008 y 2018. Método: Estudio longitudinal con adultos mayores con ≥65 años que viven en la comunidad. Se utilizaron los instrumentos de Perfil demográfico, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, Medida de Independencia Funcional, Escala de Lawton y Brody, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica, Mapa Mínimo de Relaciones del Anciano e Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo y regresión linear, todos los tests con p < 0,05. Resultados: Entre los 189 adultos mayores en el período de la investigación (2007/2008-2018), la mayoría tenía 80 años o más, con edad promedia de 82,31 años; sexo femenino, sin pareja, vivían con otros familiares y eran jubilados. En el análisis final sin considerar la edad y el sexo, se averiguó la disminución de la independencia funcional, aumento de los síntomas depresivos, del número de enfermedades auto referidas y aumento en el score de fragilidad. Conclusión: Los factores que se asociaron al aumento de la fragilidad del adulto mayor en el tiempo de investigación fueron la edad, el sexo femenino y sin pareja. El equipo de salud, que incluye a enfermería, debe tener atención a los cambios y elaborar planes de cuidados para prevenir o evitar su progresión.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e rede de apoio social do idoso associados à fragilidade nas avaliações realizadas entre 2007/2008 e 2018. Método: Estudo longitudinal com idosos de idade ≥65 anos que vivem na comunidade. Foram utilizados os instrumentos de Perfil demográfico, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Medida de Independência Funcional, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Mapa Mínimo de Relações do Idoso e Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva e regressão linear, todos os testes com p < 0,05. Resultados: Dos 189 idosos no período do estudo (2007/2008-2018), a maioria tinha 80 anos e mais, com média de 82,31 anos; sexo feminino, sem companheiro, moravam com outros familiares e eram aposentados. Na análise final, independentemente da idade e do sexo, verificou-se diminuição da independência funcional, aumento dos sintomas depressivos, do número de doenças autorreferidas e aumento no escore da fragilidade. Conclusão: Os fatores que se associaram ao aumento da fragilidade do idoso no tempo de estudo foram idade, sexo feminino e sem companheiro. A equipe de saúde, que inclui a enfermagem, deve estar atenta às mudanças e elaborar planos de cuidados para prevenir ou evitar a sua progressão.

Frailty and sociodemographic and health factors, and social support network in the brazilian elderly: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the sociodemographic and health factors and the social support network of the elderly associated with frailty in the assessments carried out between 2007/2008 and 2018. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study with elderly people aged ≥65 years living in the community. The instruments used were those for Demographic Profile, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Minimum Relationship Map for the Elderly, and Edmonton Frail Scale. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were used, all tests with p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 189 elderly in the study period (2007/2008-2018), most were 80 years old and over, with an average of 82.31 years old; they were women, with no partner, who lived with other family members and were retired. In the final analysis, regardless of age and sex, a decrease in functional independence, an increase in depressive symptoms, an increase in the number of self-reported illnesses, and an increase in the frailty score were observed. CONCLUSION: The factors that were associated with the increase in frailty of the elderly during the study period were age, female sex, and no partner. The health team, which includes nurses, shall be aware of changes and develop care plans to prevent or avoid their progression.

Physiological changes in vision during aging: perceptions of older adults and healthcare providers.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the physiological changes in older adults' vision during the aging process. METHODS: An exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach was conducted with 20 older adults and six healthcare providers who worked with older adults in João Pessoa, Paraíba (Brazil). The Focus Group Technique was used for data collection, with the collected information subsequently being submitted to Inductive Thematic Analysis using textual analysis software. RESULTS: The physiological changes related to vision were described by both the older adults and healthcare providers using the following words: vision, difficulty; see; cataract; glasses; surgery; more; age; eye; and no. These terms represent declines in vision resulting from advancing age which significantly modify the daily lives of older adults and their families. CONCLUSIONS: The perception of the older adults and the healthcare providers who care for them regarding the physiological changes in vision throughout the aging process shows that the loss of visual acuity significantly affects the daily life of older adults and their families.

Caregiver overload and factors associated with care provided to patients under palliative care.

OBJECTIVES: To identify overload and associated factors among caregivers of adult patients receiving palliative care. METHODS: Descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study addressing 40 adults under palliative care and their respective caregivers enrolled in the Home Care System in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Data concerning the patients included demographic profile and Mini-Mental State Examination. A form was used to collect the caregivers' demographic data along with the Zarit Burden Interview Scale, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Coping Strategies Inventory. RESULTS: Regarding the patients, 84.2% were women, 52.6% were over 80, 65.8% had no partner, and 76.3% presented cognitive impairment. The caregivers were mostly women (84.5%), aged 56.67 years old on average, were the patients' children (42.5%); had no partner (55%), and lived with the patient (77.5%). The mean score obtained in the burden scale was 28.78 points, 32.5% had stress, and 42.5% depression. Regarding coping strategies, the ones most frequently used were positive reappraisal (12.8), withdrawal (10.2), and problem solution (9.7). A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between time spent with care (days and hours) and escape/avoidance with overload. Linear regression analysis revealed an association between being a woman (p=0.002), number of days spent with care (p=0.004), and depression (p<0.001) with overload. CONCLUSIONS: Being a woman, spending more days providing care, and depressive symptoms were associated with caregiver overload.

Spatial analysis of elder abuse in a Brazilian municipality.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the spatial distribution of elder abuse in Ribeirão Preto-SP, according to victims' place of residence and event. METHOD: an ecological study that analyzed 1,153 elder abuse police reports (2009 to 2013). Local gross and empirical Bayesian rates and Local Moran's I were calculated. RESULTS: there was a heterogeneous distribution of concentration of sectors with a high incidence rate surrounded by neighbors with also high rates, considering place of residence. In contrast, analysis by place of occurrence showed a greater concentration in the central areas of the municipality. More than 80% of cases of violence occurred at their own homes and with spatial dependence on distribution by occurrence up to a 5,000 m distance from their places of residence. CONCLUSION: data reinforce that violence is a complex phenomenon, affecting several social strata, including in central urban areas and in elderly people families' own context.

Caída y factores demográficos y clínicos en adultos mayores: estudio de seguimiento / Queda e fatores demográficos e clínicos no idoso: estudo de seguimento / Fall and demographic and clinical factors in older adults: follow-up study

OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores demográficos y clínicos relacionados a las caídas en el adulto mayor que viven en el domicilio en un seguimiento de cinco años. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo y longitudinal retrospectivo realizado entre 2007/2008 y 2013 con 262 participantes brasileños con edad superior a 65 años. Se utilizaron los instrumentos de perfil demográfico, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, enfermedades autorreferidas, caídas y sus características, Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton, Escala de Lawton y Brody y Medida de Independencia Funcional. Se realizaron análisis descriptivo, Chi cuadrado, prueba de Wilcoxon y prueba de modelos mixtos. Estudio aprobado por el comité de ética. RESULTADOS: La mayoría era del sexo femenino, con edad entre 65 a 79 años, escolaridad entre 1 a 4 años y jubilados. La prevalencia de caídas fue de 21,8% y 37,8% en ambas evaluaciones. Se verificó que para cada enfermedad más que el adulto mayor tiene, aumenta la chance de sufrir una nueva caída. Además, para cada punto más en la escala de fragilidad, el adulto mayor tiene mayor chance de caer. Por otro lado, para cada medicamento a menos que el adulto mayor utiliza, presenta 10% menos chance de caer. CONCLUSIÓN: La caída estuvo asociado a factores clínicos en el adulto mayor siendo necesario que el profesional de salud realice evaluaciones constantes para identificar este evento y sus desencadenantes

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores demográficos e clínicos relacionados à queda no idoso que vive no domicílio em um seguimento de cinco anos. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo e longitudinal retrospectivo realizado entre 2007/2008 e 2013 com 262 participantes brasileiros com idade superior de 65 anos. Foram utilizados os instrumentos de perfil demográfico, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, doenças autorreferidas, quedas e suas características, Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton, Escala de Lawton y Brody y Medida de Independência Funcional. Realizaram-se análise descritivo, Qui quadrado, Teste de Wilcoxon e prova de modelos mistos. Estudo aprovado pelo comitê de ética. RESULTADOS: A maioria era do sexo feminino, com idade entre 65 e 79 anos, escolaridade entre 1 a 4 anos e aposentados. A prevalência da queda foi de 21,8% e 37,8% em ambas as avaliações. Verificou-se que para cada doença a mais que o idoso sofre, aumenta a chance de sofrer uma nova queda. Ademais, para cada ponto a mais na escala de fragilidade, o idoso apresenta uma maior chance de cair. Por outro lado, para cada medicamento a menos que o idoso utiliza, presenta chance 10% menor de cair. CONCLUSÃO: A queda esteve associada a fatores clínicos no idoso sendo necessário que o profissional de saúde realize avaliações constantes com a finalidade de identificar esse evento e seus desencadeantes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the demographic and clinical factors related to falls of older adults living at home in a five-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective quantitative and longitudinal study conducted between 2007/2008 and 2013 with 262 Brazilians participants over 65 years old. We used the demographic profile, Mini-Mental State Examination, self-reported diseases, falls and their characteristics, Edmonton Frail Scale, Lawton and Brody Scale, Functional Independence Measure instruments. We performed descriptive analysis, Chi-squared, Wilcoxon test and mixed model test. RESULTS: Most participants were women, aged between 65 to 79 years, schooling between 1 to 4 years and retired. The prevalence of falls was 21.8% and 37.8% in both evaluations. We verified that the chance of suffering a new fall increases for each additional disease of the older adult. In addition, for each point to more on the frail scale, the older adult has a greater chance of falling. On the other hand, for each medication withdrawn, the chance of falling decreases 10%. CONCLUSION: The fall was associated with clinical factors in older adults, therefore constant evaluations must be carried out to identify this event and its triggers

Atuação de movimentos sociais e entidades na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil: O cuidado à pessoa idosa em Instituições de Longa Permanência / Performance of social movements and entities in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: Older adults care in long-term care facilities

Resumo Objetivo analisar o conteúdo de documentos propostos por movimentos sociais e entidades de classe para orientar o cuidado em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Método Pesquisa documental, retrospectiva, descritiva e exploratória. Foram identificados quatro websites de movimentos sociais e entidades e analisados seus respectivos documentos para orientar o cuidado à pessoa idosa que vive em ILPI no contexto da pandemia no Brasil. A análise foi do tipo temática, com auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ Resultados Foram selecionados 28 textos para análise. O movimento social Frente Nacional de Fortalecimento à ILPI apresentou o maior quantitativo de produções. Na análise temática emergiram três classes: (1) O cuidado como estratégia de prevenção de contágio pela COVID-19 na ILPI; (2) O suporte dos gestores públicos enquanto direito da pessoa idosa que reside em ILPI; e (3) A preservação do vínculo sociofamiliar do residente da ILPI durante a pandemia. Conclusão Os movimentos sociais e entidades tiveram um lépido desempenho no suporte às ILPI no Brasil por meio da divulgação de documentos que contribuíram para nortear o cuidado à pessoa idosa institucionalizada em situação de vulnerabilidade. Faz-se necessário maior envolvimento dos gestores públicos na proteção e direito à vida dessa população idosa.

Abstract Objective To analyze the content of documents proposed by social movements and professional associations to guide care in Long-Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (LTCF) during a COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Method This is a documentary, retrospective, descriptive and exploratory research. It was found four websites and their respective documents were identified to guide the care of the older adultswho live in LTCF in the context of the pandemic in Brazil. Thematic analysis was performed using IRaMuTeQ software. Results 28 texts were selected for analysis. The social movement "National Front for Strengthening the LTCF" presented the highest number of productions. In the thematic analysis, three classes emerged: (1) Care as a contagion prevention strategy for COVID-19 at the LTCF; (2) The support of public managers as a right of the older adults living in the LTCF; and (3) The preservation of the social link of the LTCF residents during the pandemic. Conclusion Social movements and organizations had a quick performance in supporting the LTCF in Brazil through the dissemination of documents that guided the care of institutionalized older adults in situations of vulnerability. Greater involvement of public managers in the protection and the right to life of these older adults population is necessary.

Spatial analysis of elder abuse in a Brazilian municipality / Análise espacial da violência contra idosos em um município brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the spatial distribution of elder abuse in Ribeirão Preto-SP, according to victims' place of residence and event. Method: an ecological study that analyzed 1,153 elder abuse police reports (2009 to 2013). Local gross and empirical Bayesian rates and Local Moran's I were calculated. Results: there was a heterogeneous distribution of concentration of sectors with a high incidence rate surrounded by neighbors with also high rates, considering place of residence. In contrast, analysis by place of occurrence showed a greater concentration in the central areas of the municipality. More than 80% of cases of violence occurred at their own homes and with spatial dependence on distribution by occurrence up to a 5,000 m distance from their places of residence. Conclusion: data reinforce that violence is a complex phenomenon, affecting several social strata, including in central urban areas and in elderly people families' own context.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la distribución espacial de la violencia contra los adultos mayores en Ribeirão Preto - SP, según el lugar de residencia de la víctima y lugar del evento. Método: estudio ecológico, que analizó 1.153 denuncias de violencia contra el adulto mayor (2009 a 2013). Se calcularon las tasas bayesianas crudas y empíricas locales y el índice de Moran local. Resultados: hubo una distribución heterogénea de la concentración de sectores con alta tasa de incidencia rodeados de vecinos con tasas también altas, considerando el lugar de residencia. En contraste, el análisis por lugar de ocurrencia mostró una mayor concentración en las áreas centrales del municipio. Más del 80% de los casos de violencia ocurrieron en el propio domicilio y con dependencia espacial de la distribución por ocurrencia hasta una distancia de 5.000 m del lugar de residencia. Conclusión: los datos refuerzan el hecho de que la violencia es un fenómeno complejo, que afecta a varios estratos sociales, incluso en las zonas urbanas centrales y en el propio contexto familiar de los adultos mayores.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial da violência contra idosos em Ribeirão Preto - SP, segundo local de residência da vítima e de ocorrência do evento. Método: estudo ecológico, que analisou 1.153 Boletins de Ocorrência de violência contra idosos (2009 a 2013). Foram calculadas taxas bruta e bayesiana empírica local e Índice Moran local. Resultados: evidenciou-se uma distribuição heterogênea da concentração de setores com alta taxa de incidência circundados por vizinhos com taxas também elevadas, considerando o local de residência. Em contrapartida, a análise por local de ocorrência demonstrou maior concentração nas áreas centrais do município. Mais de 80% dos casos de violência ocorreram nos próprios domicílios e com dependência espacial da distribuição por ocorrência até uma distância de 5.000 m do local de residência. Conclusão: os dados reforçam o fato da violência ser fenômeno complexo, que acomete diversas camadas sociais, inclusive em áreas centrais urbanas e no próprio contexto familiar do idoso.